Why do women live longer than men?

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide partial answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; However, we're not sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men today and not previously, has to be due to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could expect to live longer than her brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women exists everywhere, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.