Small auxin-up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) gene family plays major
https://gbraeu.de roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. RNA polymerase II transcribes miRNA from miRNA genes, which are mainly located in the intergenic regions of the genome (Moss and Poethig, 2002; Kim, 2005). Plant miRNAs regulate gene expression by complementing target genes completely and further excise the target genes from the genome to inhibit gene expression. The target genes mainly include transcription factors, enzymes, signaling proteins etc. MicroRNAs have been shown to be involved in various biological and metabolic processes including plant growth, development and response to environmental stresses (Reinhart et al., 2002; Jones-Rhoades et al., 2006).
Better strategy to develop resistance/tolerance in peanut is to identify and clone the homologs of the resistance genes in the related species and deploy them in peanut improvement programs. Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis, Viz., A. Stenosperma, A.
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In a root transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible peanut genotypes after infection with R. Solanacearum, KEGG analysis showed that the primary metabolism got inhibited more in the resistant genotype at an early point of inoculation exhibiting similar response like the susceptible genotype. Moreover, defense related genes like R gene, cell wall genes, LRR-RLK protein etc. were differently expressed between both the genotypes (Chen et al., 2014c). Yang et al. (2022) analyzed differential gene expression in leaves of resistant and susceptible peanut genotypes infected with R. Further more, KEGG enrichment pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that MAPK signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were upregulated. WRKY Transcription factors play an important role in plant disease resistance.
Table 5 List of differentially expressed peanut genes used to enhanced biotic and abiotic tolerance. Drought is one of the most serious constraints to agricultural productivity that affects plant growth and development. Under drought conditions, normal growth of crops will be negatively affected leading to yield losses or sometimes complete lack of yield under severe conditions. Plants under drought stress experience changes in gene expression patterns to adjust with changed morphological, physiological and metabolic processes to respond to the threatening stress conditions (Cai et al., 2019).
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Zhang, X., Zou, Z., Gong, P., Zhang, J., Ziaf, K., Li, H., et al. (2011). Over-expression of microRNA169 confers enhanced drought tolerance to tomato. Zhang, Y., Du, P., Xiong, F., Zhang, X., Song, H.
Ma, X., Zhang, X., Zhao, K., Li, F., Li, K., Ning, L., et al. (2018).